wooderson wrote: ↑Sun Oct 21, 2018 8:25 pm
mackerelmint wrote: ↑Sun Oct 21, 2018 7:19 pm
Yes, I am aware. I have read him at length. The "petit bourgeoisie" isn't really anything more than a way to villify people for trying to improve their circumstances on terms other than Marx's. After all, if someone can do well without owning the means of production... That's actually one of my big complaints with Marxism: any other way of arranging an economy is monolithic and evil, which it has to be otherwise socialism ceases to be necessary. If people can improve their lives in a market system of any kind, it's an existential threat to socialist ideas. It dovetails real nicely with Marx's notion of false consciousness and the circular logic it relies on.
Your exact line was "according to Marx, the middle class he was born into didn't exist. You're a lord or a serf in his world view, a proletarian or bourgeoisie."
Weird that now you remember the petit bourgeois, which is... a middle class between proletariat and bourgeoisie.
It's not, for a few reasons. The first because making the distinction between the little bourgeoisie and the big capital B Bourgeoisie in a casual remark hardly seems worth it. The second being that both are "the bad guys" or at least ill actors in Marx's taxonomy.
wooderson wrote: ↑Sun Oct 21, 2018 8:25 pm
Given that Marx's life primarily took place when and where monarchy was the dominant form of government, you could also say that even leaving out the petit bourgeois he discussed 'the middle class' just in reference to the bourgeoisie - ie proletariat, bourgeoisie and nobility.
I don't agree with this. Monarchy was on its way out, and what existed was generally constitutionally restrained by that point in time. I'll agree with you in terms of him living in a time of cultures more stratified than they are today. If you were to argue that he saw the middle class as being so small at the time and so doomed in any case that it would quickly vanish forever so wasn't worth mentioning, I'd be sympathetic to that argument, but he minimized their significance, and only acknowledged them to the extent that he could categorize them essentially as parasites selling the labor of others. That takes us back to the earlier chapters of Capital where he ponders the nature of value, notices that the labor theory of value isn't complete, can't work the rest out, and then we later see him basically decide to go with what he knows is a flawed notion of value as a premise, except where he doesn't. Marx wasn't very consistent, and it's a drag to see him leave off an idea mid sentence and not revisit it until years later.
wooderson wrote: ↑Sun Oct 21, 2018 8:25 pm
Marx's primary work was historical analysis, not prescriptive.
Yes and no. In terms of how many words he spent on a given subject, it ranks highest, but it was also done in service of an explicitly prescriptive body of work so that his prescriptions would have context. Marx is the only one I'm aware of who looked at stages of development and declared unequivocally what would come, categorizing it as an inevitability. He's certainly the only one who did that and had people take it at face value... which probably speaks to the value of the historical analysis he gave them. He knew that his readers needed that context, so he put the work in.
wooderson wrote: ↑Sun Oct 21, 2018 8:25 pm
This "merchant class" is the aforementioned petit bourgeois. People who neither sell their labor (the proletariat) nor those who own the means of production (bourgeoisie). As you've agreed, they were hardly ignored by Marx.
Yes, he mentioned them to the extent necessary for him to define them in a way as to undermine the value or even rectitude of their existence. His narrative was nothing short of an evangelistic take on good vs evil, and that shade of grey floating around didn't fit in. So they became proletarians who didn't know their place (false consciousness) and who exploited the labor of others. They're simultaneously black AND white, and so instead of leaving something grey and liable to raise questions, he painted one side white and the other black, and preserved the purity of the dichotomy he was organizing the world into.
wooderson wrote: ↑Sun Oct 21, 2018 8:25 pm
The American class concept is part style of work and part income based - our "middle class" primarily refers to professional, white collar laborers earning more than the working class - and so, no, Marx didn't refer to that because it didn't exist.
No, it didn't. But a contemporary analog did, and he didn't refer to that, either. Even then, the middle class was more than just merchants- Marx's own father was an attorney. The middle class looked then more like it does now than you're giving it credit for, and Marx grew up in that world. He knew what he was doing when he rewrote the world to be in black and white.
wooderson wrote: ↑Sun Oct 21, 2018 8:25 pm
There is a well actually here in that you're making broad - and incorrect - statements about a) Marx's writing (cf. the middle class and petit bourgeois) and b) 'what Marxists honestly believe' with some handwaving about "lots of people" and "from what I've seen." You're basically trading on lazy stereotypes of the "average modern Marxist" (whatever the hell that would even be) colored by your obvious hostility.
Well, yeah, I made broad statements - though not essentially incorrect ones - in a rather offhanded remark. You brought up the petit bourgeoisie which wasn't wrong to do, and we disagree about their significance, apparently. As long as you're not accusing me of moving the goalposts just for having acknowledged the small distinction without a difference that the petit bourgeoisie represent. It is my opinion, having read quite a lot more of Marx than I would have really liked to since he tends to be florid and unorganized in his thoughts, that his erasure of the middle class was a device to help lead readers (presumably the working poor) to his own point of view, in a classic polemicist's tactic that most of them wouldn't be savvy enough to recognize.
Now, I've read him quite a bit because I've had to in order to understand the economies of the USSR and PRC, and the ways and reasons that their economic transitions have differed and continue to. I also live in a city where there are a lot of Marxists, and have a lot of friends who are Marxist-adjacent. These are not the kind of Marxists who actually have read Marx, or at least have read and understood Marx since they'd realize that history has disproven him. I consider Marxists to be no different to flat earthers. We know now and have the empirical data that shows that many of his premises were flawed, and we also have his handwritten manuscripts with notes in his own hand acknowledging this. Yet, he published it anyway. He prescribes the correct behavior and aspirations for workers and anything outside of that is "false consciousness", the only definition of which is conveniently his own. He presents a "utopia" (as long as you don't have your own ideas about what that is, I guess) as an inevitable result of human evolution via socialism. The whole thing is totally religious (albeit atheistic) in its vision, it's spread more or less evangelically, and the guy who cooked it up said that religion is the opium of the people. Only a fool wouldn't find that something to be suspicious of! Of course I'm hostile. The whole thing smacks of a con job. Shit, I can't imagine wanting to listen to a guy who never worked in his life expound on the nature of the worker's plight. He lived off Fred Engels' money, and have you read how Engels talked about him? He sounded like a mark, and I think it's because he was one. That said, Marx made plenty of insightful observations about the nature of economies and societies that are very illuminating and useful. I just don't believe him to have been an honest man. If he was, he didn't understand the human condition very well for all of his historical ruminations. So yes, I am hostile toward Marxism. And I don't believe in holding the means of production in common, even with a market economy, because then nobody owns the means of production. They just get paid by the state to use them and power remains concentrated, as we've seen in every example of a Socialist experiment so far.
I was reading an Op Ed that Albert Einstein wrote about the necessity of socialism. And he was indeed talking about holding the means of production in common. He made a couple of astute observations about everything being a zero sum game in capitalism and the tendency of firms to swallow each other and move toward monopoly. And he complained about how in our market economy, people are paid according to what they need to get by. And that struck me as funny, because Albert Einstein of all people should have appreciated the computational impossibility of creating a planned economy that functions well, and also because the wage issue is all but decreed by Marx himself : "from each according to his ability and to each according to his need". And that's all anybody ever really got, at best.
Marx's policy prescriptions failed and he is only relevant today because some people are too stupid to realize how incompatible his ideas are with reality.